Publication Policy

Electrical Engineering and Energy (ELENE) adheres to the ethical standards and best-practice guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All stakeholders—editors, authors, reviewers, and the publisher—are expected to comply with these principles. For ethics-related questions or to report a concern, please contact editor@jelene.org.

Publication Ethics

ELENE is committed to maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record and to publishing high-quality, original, and ethically conducted research in electrical engineering, electronics, energy systems, and related fields. The journal follows internationally accepted standards of publication ethics and expects all submissions to be prepared, reviewed, and published in accordance with COPE principles. Any form of research or publication misconduct, including fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, duplicate publication, citation manipulation, undeclared conflicts of interest, authorship abuse, or unethical experimentation, is not tolerated.

Research Ethics

Research ethics safeguard the credibility of science, enable responsible collaboration, and uphold researchers’ duties to society. ELENE expects authors, reviewers, and editors to observe the following principles:

Openness and clarity: Share data, materials, tools, and findings to the extent permitted by law and ethics; be receptive to critique and new ideas.
Integrity and truthfulness: Do not fabricate, falsify, misappropriate, or misrepresent data or results. Report methods, procedures, and outcomes accurately, and avoid misleading colleagues, sponsors, or the public. Any misuse of research constitutes a breach of scientific ethics.
Do no harm: Avoid causing harm to research objects or subjects. Respect privacy and confidentiality; do not disclose personal identities without permission and do not conceal your own identity in research interactions.
Intellectual property: Respect patents, copyrights, and other IP rights. Do not use others’ data, methods, or results without authorization, and cite contributors appropriately.
Confidentiality: Protect confidential communications and records, including personnel files, proprietary or state secrets, and patient information.
Objectivity: Design studies and analyze and interpret data without bias; avoid selective reporting.
Consistency and rigor: Ensure internal consistency across the research process; scrutinize the work carefully to minimize errors and omissions.
Social responsibility: Refrain from research that foreseeably causes social harm.
Non-discrimination: Do not discriminate on the basis of gender, race, origin, or any factor unrelated to scientific merit and integrity.
Legal compliance: Know and follow applicable laws, regulations, and institutional policies.
Animal welfare: Treat animals with care and respect. Avoid poorly designed or unnecessary animal experiments.
Human participant protection: Minimize risk and harm; protect dignity, privacy, and autonomy. Take special precautions with children, individuals with developmental or cognitive disabilities, nursing-home residents, and people without legal protection. Distribute the burdens and benefits of research fairly.

Human and animal studies must comply with national and international regulations and be supported by appropriate ethics committee approvals and, where applicable, informed consent. While the term “research ethics” is often associated with biomedical studies, it equally applies—albeit with different emphases—to the social sciences and engineering disciplines.

Ethical Approval & Data Protection

ELENE requires that all research involving human participants, animals, or sensitive data complies with national and international ethical standards and has received prior approval from an appropriate ethics committee or institutional review board, with the committee name and approval number clearly stated in the manuscript. For studies involving human subjects, authors must confirm that informed consent was obtained and that privacy, dignity, and confidentiality were protected; special care must be taken with vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and persons with disabilities. Research involving animals must demonstrate compliance with recognized welfare standards and avoid unnecessary suffering. In addition, authors are responsible for adhering to data protection regulations (such as GDPR or national equivalents), ensuring secure storage of personal data, and anonymizing datasets before sharing where required. Manuscripts without appropriate ethical approval or data protection safeguards will not be accepted for publication, and serious breaches may lead to rejection, retraction, or notification of relevant institutions.

Plagiarism & Similarity Check Policy

ELENE is committed to maintaining the highest standards of academic integrity. All submitted manuscripts are screened for similarity using iThenticate (or equivalent plagiarism-detection software) before entering the review process.

Similarity threshold: Manuscripts with an overall similarity index above 20% (excluding references, quotations, and commonly used phrases) may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected outright.
Unacceptable practices: Copying text, ideas, figures, or data from other sources without proper attribution constitutes plagiarism and will not be tolerated.
Duplicate submission: Submitting the same or substantially similar manuscript to multiple journals simultaneously is considered unethical and leads to rejection.
Self-plagiarism: Authors must avoid reusing large portions of their previously published work without citation. Secondary publication (e.g., translations) must be clearly disclosed and approved by the editor.
Consequences: If plagiarism or excessive similarity is detected at any stage, the editorial board may reject the submission, retract a published article, and notify the authors’ institutions.

By submitting to ELENE, authors confirm that their work is original, properly cited, and free of plagiarism or inappropriate duplication.

Data Availability Policy

Authors are encouraged to include a clear Data Availability Statement in their manuscript. This statement should explain whether the underlying data are publicly available, available from the corresponding author on reasonable request, included within the article or supplementary files, or restricted for legal, ethical, or proprietary reasons. Where restrictions apply, the reason for restriction should be stated as clearly as possible.

ELENE strongly supports transparency and reproducibility in research and requires authors to include a Data Availability Statement specifying where datasets, code, and materials can be accessed, whether within the article, as supplementary files, or through trusted repositories that follow FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). When ethical, legal, or confidentiality restrictions prevent open sharing, authors must explain the conditions under which the data can be accessed. Authors are responsible for ensuring that datasets are preserved in stable repositories, that permissions are obtained for third-party materials, and that information provided is sufficient for replication and verification of results. By submitting to ELENE, authors agree to make underlying data available upon reasonable request and to comply with relevant institutional, national, and international regulations on data protection and ethical standards.

Conflict of Interest Policy

All authors, editors, and reviewers must disclose any financial, institutional, personal, professional, or other relationships that could influence, or reasonably be perceived to influence, the objectivity of their work. Authors must declare all relevant conflicts of interest and all sources of funding at the time of submission. Reviewers and editors who have a conflict of interest with a manuscript must decline involvement in the review or editorial decision process.

Open Access Policy

All articles in Electrical Engineering and Energy (ELENE) are published as open access and are freely available online immediately upon publication. The journal applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license to published content, allowing use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, provided appropriate credit is given and a link to the license is provided.

Reader rights: No subscription or paywall barriers to access.
Reuse rights: Users may reuse the material under CC BY 4.0 with proper attribution (license text).
Author rights: Authors retain copyright. The published version should be cited with its DOI.
Self-archiving (Green OA): Authors may deposit preprints, accepted manuscripts (postprints), and the version of record in institutional or subject repositories at any time, linking to the article DOI and stating the license.

Licensing & Copyright Statement

Articles published in ELENE are distributed under an open-access license as stated on the journal website. Authors retain responsibility for ensuring that the content they submit does not infringe third-party copyright, trademark, privacy, or other rights. Where copyrighted material is reused, authors must obtain all necessary permissions before publication and acknowledge the source appropriately. By submitting and publishing in ELENE, authors confirm that they have the legal authority to publish the material and to grant the journal the rights necessary for dissemination and archiving.

Authorship Policy

Authorship signifies credit, accountability, and professional reputation. ELENE expects author lists to reflect genuine intellectual contributions and for all named authors to accept responsibility for the integrity of the work.

Who Qualifies as an Author

An individual should be listed as an author only if all of the following are met:

Substantive contribution: Meaningful input to study conception/design or to data acquisition, analysis, or interpretation.
Manuscript development: Drafting the article or critically revising it for important intellectual content.
Final approval: Explicit approval of the version to be published.
Accountability: Agreement to be responsible for all aspects of the work and to address questions about accuracy or integrity.

Contributors who do not meet all criteria should be named in the Acknowledgments, not as authors.

Documenting Contributions

For transparency, submissions should include a concise Contributor Roles statement (e.g., CRediT taxonomy) clarifying who did what (conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, writing, supervision, funding, etc.).

Author Order and Changes

Author order is a collective decision of the research team and should be discussed early; it may be updated as roles evolve.
After submission, any addition, removal, or reordering of authors requires written consent from all listed authors with a justification. The Editorial Board will review such requests to prevent abuse and may seek further documentation.

Responsibilities of All Authors

Be familiar with the full content of the manuscript and have confidence in the integrity of co-authors’ contributions.
Disclose relevant conflicts of interest and funding.
Ensure data, materials, and code (where applicable) support the claims and are available per the journal’s policies.
Remain available post-publication to respond to queries or corrections.

Corresponding Author

The corresponding author coordinates submission and peer review, manages communications with the journal, confirms that ethical/administrative requirements are met (e.g., approvals, consents, declarations), and oversees completion of authorship/change forms when needed. This role does not diminish the shared accountability of all authors.

Group or Consortium Authorship

Group names may appear on the byline for large collaborations. However, specific individuals who accept credit and responsibility must be identifiable in the manuscript and metadata to ensure proper indexing.

Non-Author Contributors

Activities that alone do not justify authorship include: securing funding; general supervision or administrative oversight; routine data collection; or purely editorial/language assistance. Such contributions should be acknowledged (individually or as a group) with brief role descriptions (e.g., “data collection,” “scientific advice,” “language editing”). Obtain written permission from anyone named in Acknowledgments.

Acknowledgments Policy

The Acknowledgments section provides a transparent way to recognize contributions that do not meet the full criteria for authorship but nevertheless supported the research or manuscript preparation. ELENE encourages clear, respectful, and accurate acknowledgment practices.

Purpose of Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments highlight individuals, groups, or organizations that contributed in meaningful but non-authorial ways, ensuring credit is given without inflating authorship.

Examples of Appropriate Acknowledgments

Administrative or technical support
Provision of materials, equipment, or facilities
Assistance with data collection or routine analysis
Editing, proofreading, or language polishing
General supervision without direct intellectual contribution
Financial support, grants, or institutional backing (with grant numbers where applicable)

Consent Requirement

Corresponding authors must obtain written permission from each individual named in the Acknowledgments. This ensures that contributors agree to be mentioned and avoids unintended endorsement.

Clarity and Transparency

Whenever possible, specify the type of contribution (e.g., “provided statistical advice,” “assisted with laboratory experiments,” “supported manuscript editing”). Group acknowledgments (e.g., “Clinical Investigators,” “Research Team”) may be used with a brief description of collective contributions.

Funding Acknowledgments

Authors are expected to disclose all sources of financial support, including grant agencies, project numbers, or sponsoring institutions. This helps readers assess potential conflicts of interest and understand the context of the work.

AI Tools in Acknowledgments

When AI-based assistance (e.g., grammar correction, figure design, or drafting support) does not meet the threshold for authorship but contributed to the manuscript, this must be disclosed in the Acknowledgments or in the Declaration of AI Usage section. AI tools cannot be listed as authors under any circumstances.

AI-Assisted Tools

Use of AI systems (e.g., large language models, chatbots, image generators) in writing, analysis, or figure creation must be disclosed in the manuscript’s Declarations section under “Declaration of AI Usage,” and in the cover letter where applicable. AI tools cannot be authors and must not be cited as standalone sources. Authors remain fully responsible for verifying accuracy, removing bias, and ensuring originality of any AI-assisted content. See also the journal’s AI & Generative AI Usage Key Principles.

Funding & Financial Support Policy

Transparency in funding and financial support is critical to maintaining trust in scientific publishing. ELENE requires authors to disclose all sources of funding and support for their research and publication activities.

Funding Disclosure

All financial support related to the study—including grants, institutional resources, project numbers, scholarships, or industry sponsorship—must be declared in the manuscript. The funding statement should specify the funder’s name and, where applicable, the grant or project identification number.

Role of Funders

Authors must describe the role of funders, if any, in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or manuscript preparation. If the funder had no influence on the research, this should be clearly stated (e.g., “The funder had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or writing of the manuscript”).

Independence and Integrity

Funding sources should never compromise the independence of authors, reviewers, or editors. Decisions regarding acceptance or rejection of manuscripts are made solely on the basis of scholarly merit and ethical compliance, independent of financial support.

Publication Charges

Electrical Engineering and Energy (ELENE) is an open access journal that does not currently charge article processing fees (APCs) or submission fees. If this policy changes in the future, updated information will be posted on the journal website transparently.

Acknowledgment of Financial Support

Financial or material support that does not meet the criteria for authorship should be included in the Acknowledgments section. Authors must obtain written permission from individuals or organizations mentioned by name.

Conflict of Interest and Funding

Funding disclosures must align with the Conflict of Interest Policy. Any potential conflicts arising from financial support must be declared to ensure transparency and integrity.

Self-Archiving Policy

Electrical Engineering and Energy (ELENE) permits authors to archive and share different versions of their manuscripts in institutional or disciplinary repositories, personal websites, or academic social networks, fully consistent with the journal’s open access policy. Authors may deposit the following versions without embargo:

Submitted version (pre-print): Before peer review
Accepted version (post-print): After peer review, before typesetting
Published version (Version of Record): Final PDF as published by the journal

All deposited versions must include a proper citation to the original publication in ELENE and, where possible, the DOI and a direct link to the final version on the journal website. This policy complies with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits sharing and reuse with proper attribution.

Archiving & Preservation Policy

ELENE takes long-term preservation seriously. The journal’s content is safeguarded through our hosting infrastructure and standard Open Journal Systems (OJS) preservation options. In addition, the journal supports author self-archiving to enhance redundancy and discoverability.

Preservation mechanisms: The journal may utilize community preservation services available to OJS (e.g., LOCKSS/CLOCKSS/PKP PN) when enabled by the journal, ensuring long-term accessibility and integrity of published content.
Persistent identifiers: Articles receive DOIs to support reliable citation, linking, and tracking.
OAI-PMH: Metadata can be harvested via the journal’s OAI-PMH endpoint, facilitating indexing and backup by third parties.
Author repositories: Authors are encouraged to deposit the version of record in institutional or subject repositories with the DOI and license information.

If a preservation service or platform becomes unavailable, the journal will migrate content to alternative solutions to maintain continuity of access.

Special and Supplemental Issue Policy

Special and Supplemental issues are assessed under the same scientific and ethical criteria as ELENE’s regular issues. In addition, the following rules apply:

Decision to publish: The Editor-in-Chief and/or Editorial Board may decide to publish a Special or Supplemental issue to address timely themes and contribute to the literature.
Transparency on the journal site: For each Special/Supplemental issue, the editors/guest editors, editorial/scientific board, issue description, aim and scope, and any special policies (beyond general journal policies) are clearly presented on the journal website.
Peer review: Submissions are evaluated according to ELENE’s double-blind Peer-Review Process (COPE-compliant standards apply).
Article volume: The number of articles in any Special/Supplemental issue shall not exceed the average number of articles published in the journal’s regular issues.
Pagination: Page numbers in Special/Supplemental issues may be numbered separately from the regular issues of the year.
Annual limit: The number of Special/Supplemental issues published in a year cannot exceed one-third (1/3) of the number of regular issues published in that year.
Minimum content: A Special/Supplemental issue must include at least five (5) accepted articles. If this threshold is not met, the issue will not be published.
Editorial consultation: The decision to publish or return manuscripts whose evaluations are complete is made following consultation between the Editorial Board and the authors.
Default policies: Where not otherwise specified, ELENE’s general journal policies and ethics apply in full to Special/Supplemental issues.

Indexing and Abstracting

ELENE takes every effort to ensure that its published articles are visible and discoverable across major search engines and indexing services. Authors are also encouraged to share their published work through academic networks and repositories such as ResearchGate, Academia.edu, SSRN, ArXiv, TechRxiv, institutional DSpace repositories, Mendeley, ISSUU, Internet Archive, and similar platforms.

Currently, published articles are indexed in Google and Google Scholar, ensuring accessibility to a wide academic audience. Our open access policy further guarantees that anyone can access and reuse the articles free of charge with proper attribution, thus supporting global dissemination of research.

Please note that external indexing services operate independently, and the journal cannot take responsibility for errors such as misattribution or unintended merging of author profiles by third-party crawlers.

For the up-to-date list of indexing and abstracting services, please visit: https://www.jelene.org/index.php/elene/Indexing

Privacy Statement

The names, email addresses, affiliations, and other personal data entered into the journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of the journal and will not be made available for any unrelated purpose. ELENE handles personal data in a manner consistent with editorial administration, peer review, publication, and communication requirements.

Publisher / Editorial Office Responsibilities

Safeguard the editorial independence of decision-making.
Maintain and improve journal quality and policies (publication, peer review, ethics, data protection).
Preserve authors’ intellectual property rights and protect against unethical conduct (plagiarism, citation manipulation).
Provide and maintain clear Guidelines for Authors and Guidelines for Reviewers.
Keep complete editorial records for each submission in electronic form.

Responsibilities of the Editorial Board and Editors

Ensure clarity and transparency in communications with authors, reviewers, and readers.
Evaluate manuscripts for originality, contribution to the field, clarity, methodological soundness, validity, and reliability.
Operate a double-blind peer-review process; protect confidentiality and personal data.
Select reviewers/handling editors with appropriate expertise and without conflicts of interest.
Monitor and act upon potential conflicts of interest or unethical behavior.
Ensure human/animal research complies with international standards and is supported by appropriate ethics committee approvals and informed consent, as applicable.
Correct the literature when errors or misleading statements are identified (corrections, expressions of concern, retractions).
Consider well-founded post-publication critiques and allow authors to respond.

Responsibilities of Reviewers

Reviewers must provide objective, constructive, timely, and confidential evaluations of manuscripts. They should assess the originality, technical quality, clarity, significance, and ethical soundness of the work. Reviewers must not use unpublished information from the manuscript for personal advantage and must disclose any conflict of interest that prevents them from providing an impartial review. Reviewers should alert the editor to potential plagiarism, overlap, ethical concerns, or serious methodological problems where identified.

Ensure clarity and transparency in communications with authors, reviewers, and readers.
Evaluate manuscripts for originality, contribution to the field, clarity, methodological soundness, validity, and reliability.
Operate a double-blind peer-review process; protect confidentiality and personal data.
Select reviewers/handling editors with appropriate expertise and without conflicts of interest.
Monitor and act upon potential conflicts of interest or unethical behavior.
Ensure human/animal research complies with international standards and is supported by appropriate ethics committee approvals and informed consent, as applicable.
Correct the literature when errors or misleading statements are identified (corrections, expressions of concern, retractions).
Consider well-founded post-publication critiques and allow authors to respond.

Responsibilities of Authors

Authors are responsible for submitting original, accurate, and ethically sound work; for ensuring that all listed authors qualify for authorship; for disclosing conflicts of interest and funding; for responding to reviewer comments professionally; and for correcting substantial errors discovered before or after publication. Submission of the same manuscript to more than one journal at the same time is unacceptable. Authors must also ensure that their manuscripts comply with the journal’s formatting and submission requirements.

Submit original work not under consideration elsewhere; properly cite relevant prior work.
Ensure only those with significant contributions are listed as authors and that author order is agreed by all contributors.
Provide data/method details sufficient for replication or verification and supply raw data on request.
Obtain permissions/rights for datasets, instruments, images, figures, and third-party materials used in the manuscript.
For human/animal studies, obtain ethics committee approval and informed consent where applicable; clearly state the committee name and approval date/number on the first/last page and in the Methods section.
For case reports, confirm that informed consent was obtained.
Indicate compliance with copyright, research ethics, and relevant international declarations/guidelines.
Promptly notify the editorial office to correct or retract their article if significant errors are discovered after submission or publication.

Note: Ethics committee approval is generally not required for narrative reviews. When not required, authors should explicitly state this in the manuscript (first/last page and Methods).

Post-Publication Corrections & Misconduct Handling

Correction requests are assessed by the editor and Editorial Board with reference to COPE guidelines. Decisions consider the error’s nature, impact, and supporting evidence; input may be sought from authors, reviewers, or external experts. Approved corrections will be applied to the journal record.

Allegations of misconduct (e.g., plagiarism, data fabrication, image manipulation) are handled in line with COPE flowcharts. When needed, the editor may consult other editors-in-chief or relevant institutions. Confirmed ethical breaches may result in retraction. Retracted articles remain archived with a clear retraction notice and indexing updates.

Appeals and Complaints

Authors may appeal editorial decisions or submit complaints regarding peer review, editorial conduct, or publication ethics by contacting the editorial office with a clear explanation and supporting evidence. Appeals must be based on substantive grounds rather than disagreement alone. The journal will review such matters carefully and may seek additional independent editorial assessment where necessary. The outcome of the appeal or complaint will be communicated in due course. Appeals of editorial decisions or complaints about journal processes should be sent to editor@jelene.org

Withdrawal Requests (Pre-Publication)

Requests to withdraw a manuscript before publication must be made formally by the corresponding author and, where necessary, with the agreement of all co-authors. Withdrawal requests submitted after peer review has begun, after acceptance, or during production may require a clear justification and may not be granted automatically. ELENE reserves the right to retain a record of the submission and editorial history.

Authors wishing to withdraw a submission must email editor@jelene.org with a signed withdrawal form from all co-authors, stating reasons for withdrawal. The editor and Editorial Board will evaluate the request and notify authors of the decision. To avoid duplicate submission and ethical conflicts, authors should not submit the manuscript elsewhere until the withdrawal process is completed.

Reporting Ethical Concerns

Anyone who suspects misconduct, unethical research, authorship abuse, plagiarism, duplicate submission, manipulated peer review, or other integrity-related concerns in relation to ELENE may report the matter to editor@jelene.org. Reports should include as much specific information and supporting evidence as possible. The journal will review concerns in good faith and handle them confidentially to the extent possible.

Revenue Sources / Financial Model

Electrical Engineering and Energy (ELENE) is an international open access journal that operates on a non-profit basis and does not charge authors any submission or article processing fees (APCs). The journal’s sustainability is ensured through institutional support from Selçuk University, voluntary contributions of the editorial team, and in-kind infrastructure services (OJS hosting, website maintenance). ELENE does not accept advertisements or sponsorships that may influence editorial independence, and all editorial decisions are made solely on the basis of scientific merit. If new revenue models such as sponsorship, advertising, or service fees are introduced in the future, they will be clearly announced on the journal’s website to maintain full transparency.

Advertising & Sponsorship

Electrical Engineering and Energy (ELENE) does not currently accept or display commercial advertising or paid sponsorships. The journal’s editorial decisions are made independently of any financial considerations, ensuring that published content is evaluated solely on its scientific merit. If, in the future, ELENE considers limited advertising or sponsorship opportunities, these will be managed transparently, clearly separated from editorial content, and will never influence the peer-review or editorial decision-making process.

Diversity, Equity & Inclusion (DEI)

Electrical Engineering and Energy (ELENE) is committed to promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion across all aspects of its editorial and publishing processes. Manuscripts are evaluated solely on their scholarly merit, without discrimination based on gender, age, ethnicity, nationality, religion, institutional affiliation, or geographic location. The journal actively seeks participation from a diverse range of authors, reviewers, and editorial board members to ensure a broad representation of perspectives within the global research community. ELENE supports an inclusive environment where all contributors are treated with fairness and respect, and where diversity is recognized as a strength that enhances the quality and impact of scientific communication.

Author Responsibility and Accountability

ELENE recognizes that generative artificial intelligence and AI-assisted tools may support authors during manuscript preparation in limited and responsible ways, such as improving language, organizing content, or summarizing background literature. However, such tools must be used with caution and under meaningful human oversight. Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and final content of the manuscript. AI tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot take responsibility for the submitted work, approve the final manuscript, disclose conflicts of interest, or comply with authorship criteria. Human authors must verify all outputs generated with AI assistance and are fully accountable for any inaccuracies, omissions, biased statements, fabricated references, or copyright-related issues introduced by such tools.

Transparency and Disclosure

If AI or generative AI tools are used in the preparation of the manuscript, authors should disclose this use in an appropriate section of the paper when such use is material to the writing or preparation process. The disclosure should briefly explain the nature of the assistance. AI use does not reduce author responsibility, and non-disclosure of significant AI-assisted writing or content generation may be treated as a transparency concern.

Ethical and Secure Use

Authors should not upload confidential, proprietary, personally identifiable, or ethically sensitive data into AI systems unless they are certain that such use is lawful, secure, and compliant with institutional and regulatory requirements. Authors must also critically review AI-generated output for bias, factual error, misleading statements, and inappropriate content before inclusion in a manuscript.

Authorship Principles

Only human contributors who satisfy the journal’s authorship criteria may be listed as authors. AI systems, language models, and automated tools cannot hold authorship, copyright, accountability, or consent responsibilities. The use of AI for brainstorming, grammar improvement, or structure support does not constitute authorship. All authors must approve the final version of the manuscript and agree to its submission

Use of AI in Figures and Visual Materials

Authors should exercise particular caution when using AI-generated or AI-edited images, figures, graphical abstracts, or visual materials. Any such use must not misrepresent experimental data, simulation outputs, measurement results, or scientific evidence. Figures intended to represent actual data or observations must remain accurate and faithful to the underlying research. Where AI-assisted visual generation is used, authors may be asked to explain the process and provide the original source material.

Compliance with Publication Ethics

By submitting to ELENE, authors confirm that the manuscript complies with the journal’s ethical principles and publication policies, including those relating to originality, authorship, disclosure, conflicts of interest, data transparency, responsible AI use, and research integrity. Failure to comply with these standards may result in rejection, withdrawal, correction, or retraction, depending on the stage and severity of the issue. For any ethics-related concern, please contact editor@jelene.org.

Last updated: 28 March 2026

Electrical Engineering and Energy